National banks can now hold native crypto assets and pay blockchain network fees directly to operate on public networks.
The letter authorizes activities that align with proof-of-stake validation, including holding tokens, paying fees, processing transactions, and receiving network rewards.
The U.S. Office of the Comptroller of the Currency [OCC] issued a new interpretive letter on 18 November that allows national banks to hold native crypto assets and pay blockchain network fees directly.
The guidance appears technical on the surface, but the underlying permissions create a clear pathway for regulated banks to participate more deeply in public blockchain networks, including staking and validator operations.
Interpretive Letter 1186 confirms that national banks may hold crypto assets when they need those assets to pay transaction fees on distributed-ledger networks.
The letter also authorizes banks to hold additional crypto for testing blockchain platforms. This includes systems banks develop internally or acquire from third parties.
These permissions eliminate one of the biggest barriers that previously prevented regulated banks from interacting directly with blockchains.
Banks can now acquire and store the native assets that power networks like Ethereum, Solana, and Avalanche. The only requirement: holdings must match the bank’s operational needs.
Proof-of-stake validators must hold native tokens, pay network fees, process transactions, and receive rewards for network fees.
IL 1186 describes these activities as operational necessities rather than speculative investments. The OCC frames them as extensions of existing banking functions rather than departures from traditional finance.
The letter also notes that banks may receive network-fee rewards when they operate nodes.
While it stops short of naming staking directly, receiving rewards defines what validators do. This further narrows the gap between permissible activity and full validator participation.
The OCC draws parallels between blockchain infrastructure and long-standing payment systems that banks already join and help operate.
For decades, banks have held foreign currency reserves, network ownership shares, and other non-dollar assets. They do this to support settlement, reduce operational friction, and meet customer demand.
IL 1186 argues that blockchain networks operate in similar ways. Instead of holding network stock or funding shared infrastructure, banks on decentralized networks need native tokens to initiate, validate, and settle transactions.
The OCC presented the letter as a clarification. But IL 1186 could reshape how U.S. banks interact with blockchain networks.
The ability to hold native tokens, pay gas fees, and run nodes opens the door for banks to participate directly in blockchain consensus.
If banks move into validator roles, their involvement could influence decentralization, staking yields, and institutional access to on-chain infrastructure.
It also signals a maturing regulatory environment where public blockchains and regulated financial institutions interact more closely than ever before.
