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Effects of land transfer on family living standards: evidence from middle-aged and older farmers in China – Empirical Economics

Last updated: January 4, 2026 10:45 am
Published: 3 months ago
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The city is where the respondent’s village is located. Farmers are categorized into eight groups according to the respondents’ age. In detail, from the age of 45, groups are formed for every increasing four-year interval until the age of 75, such as under 45, 45 to 49, 70 to 74 and 75 or above. The educational level is divided into five levels: no school, less than grade three of primary school, grade three to grade six of primary school, junior high school, and above. Note: As the research objects are the farmers over 45 years old, the division of their age and educational level is context specific.

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