China a major challenge but an essential partner: UKJill LawlessAPWed, 25 June 2025 5:54AM
China’s attempts to spy, destabilise and disrupt Britain’s economy and democracy have grown but Beijing is still a vital economic partner for the UK, the government says.
Foreign Secretary David Lammy said: “China’s power is an inescapable fact” and freezing relations with the world’s second biggest economy is “not an option.”
He spoke to MPs as he outlined findings from the government’s “China audit.”
“China is our third biggest trading partner, our universities’ second largest source of international students. China will continue to play a vital role in supporting the UK’s secure growth,” Lammy said.
The Labour Party government pledged to conduct an in-depth examination of UK-China relations after it was elected almost a year ago, in an effort to balance the country’s economic interests and its security.
Many details of the review will remain classified for security reasons, Lammy said.
Its conclusions were summarised in a document outlining the UK government’s broader national security strategy. It said that “instances of China’s espionage, interference in our democracy and the undermining of our economic security have increased in recent years.”
Yet the government resisted pressure from China hawks in parliament to label China a threat on a par with Russia.
The security review called it a “geostrategic challenge” but also an essential player in tackling major issues such as climate change, global health and economic stability.
“We will seek a trade and investment relationship that supports secure and resilient growth, and boosts the UK economy,” the government said.
“Yet there are several major areas, such as human rights and cybersecurity, where there are stark differences and where continued tension is likely.”
Opposition Conservative Party foreign affairs spokeswoman Priti Patel said the government was showing “signs of naivety” about China.
Another Conservative MP, Harriet Cross, branded Beijing “at best unreliable and at worst hostile.”
UK-China relations have chilled since the short-lived “golden era” announced by then-Prime Minister David Cameron in 2015, after a series of spying and cyberespionage allegations, Beijing’s crackdown on civil liberties in Hong Kong, a former British colony, and China’s support for Russia in the Ukraine war.
There was no immediate comment from China on the review.
China was one of many challenges identified in a review the government said marked “a hardening and a sharpening of our approach to national security” in an increasingly dangerous world.
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